News and Alerts Blog

When heat becomes a critical rail risk

Written by Emily Vernon | Feb 2, 2026 11:37:05 PM

Last week’s extreme heatwave across south and south-east Australia, was both uncomfortable and operationally dangerous.

With consecutive days of temperatures well above seasonal norms, high overnight minimums offering little relief, and heat persisting across large geographic areas, rail networks were operating under sustained thermal stress. For asset managers and OH&S leaders, this type of event is no longer an outlier. It is a growing, foreseeable risk that requires active management.

At Early Warning Network (EWN), we issued a high volume of Red and Black heat alerts throughout the event to rail operators, our highest severity thresholds,  signalling conditions capable of triggering internal safety and operational response plans across rail organisations.

 



Why extreme heat is a rail safety issue

Heat impacts rail systems in ways that are both immediate and cumulative. Unlike short-lived storm events, heatwaves apply continuous pressure on infrastructure and people.

Track integrity and buckling risk

Rail steel expands as temperatures rise. Prolonged and extreme heat increases the likelihood of:

  • Track buckling and misalignment
  • Speed restrictions and network slowdowns
  • Increased inspection and maintenance requirements
  • Derailment risk if thermal limits are exceeded

South Australia’s recent heatwave created the exact conditions where rail neutral temperatures are challenged,  particularly on exposed sections of track, freight corridors, and regional lines.

Workforce health and safety

From drivers and network controllers to maintenance crews and emergency responders, rail workers are exposed to heat stress risks, including:

  • Heat exhaustion and heat stroke
  • Reduced concentration and slower reaction times
  • Increased fatigue during extended shifts
  • Higher incident and injury risk

For OH&S managers, extreme heat is a critical safety hazard that must be actively monitored and controlled.


One of the key challenges for rail organisations is moving from generic weather forecasts to decision-ready intelligence.

Knowing it will be hot is not enough.

Asset and safety teams need to understand:

  • Where dangerous temperatures will occur
  • When thresholds will be exceeded
  • How long conditions will persist
  • Which assets, routes, and teams are exposed

This is where tailored weather intelligence becomes essential.

During last week’s event, EWN delivered advanced, rail-specific heat intelligence through a combination of forecasting, real-time monitoring, and automated alerting.

Advanced and tailored heat forecasting

Our forecasts are beyond a generic state-wide or city outlook. They are:

  • Location-specific to rail corridors, depots, and work zones
  • Calibrated against operational and safety thresholds
  • Designed to support pre-event planning, not just real-time reaction

This allowed rail operators to anticipate dangerous heat days in advance and activate internal processes early.

See more about weather forecasting

Customised Alerting

Throughout the heatwave, EWN issued a significant number of Red and Black heat alerts - the highest severity levels.

These alerts indicate:

  • Red: Dangerous heat conditions requiring heightened awareness and operational controls
  • Black: Extreme heat conditions with serious risk to safety, infrastructure, and service continuity

For many rail organisations, these alerts automatically trigger internal protocols such as:

  • Modified work schedules and rest breaks
  • Speed restrictions or operational adjustments
  • Increased track inspections
  • Standby maintenance and response crews
  • Enhanced monitoring of workforce wellbeing

Read more about severe weather alerting

Real-time monitoring through the AWARE platform

EWN’s AWARE platform provides rail operators with real-time visibility of evolving heat conditions across their network.

Through AWARE, asset and OH&S managers can:

  • Monitor live temperatures against critical thresholds
  • Visualise risk across specific track sections and assets
  • Track the duration and intensity of heat exposure
  • Maintain situational awareness as conditions change

This real-time insight is critical during prolonged heatwaves, where risk escalates over days, not hours.

Find out more here

Building resilience for a hotter future

 


Image: BoM image showing variation in the maximum temperatures last week were above or below average

The South Australian heatwave is part of a broader trend. Climate science continues to show that extreme heat events are becoming more frequent, more intense and longer lasting.

For rail networks, resilience now depends on the ability to:

  • Anticipate heat risk before it peaks
  • Protect people and assets during prolonged events
  • Make defensible, data-driven operational decisions
  • Demonstrate due diligence in safety and risk management

Extreme heat is a network, asset, and workforce risk that requires rail-specific intelligence. That is why EWN has developed RailAWARE, a solution purpose-built for the rail sector.

RailAWARE combines:

  • Tailored, corridor-level forecasting aligned to rail assets and operations
  • Real-time monitoring of extreme heat conditions through the AWARE platform
  • Proven alerting thresholds that trigger internal safety and operational processes
  • Decision-ready intelligence designed for asset managers, network controllers, and OH&S leaders

Rather than reacting to heat once it is already impacting services or safety, RailAWARE enables rail organisations to anticipate risk, activate controls early, and maintain situational awareness throughout prolonged heat events.

As Australia’s climate continues to warm, having a rail-specific heat intelligence capability is becoming essential to protecting people, infrastructure, and network performance.

To learn more about RailAWARE and how it supports safer rail operations during extreme heat, you can find further information here.